स्वाध्याय प्रश्नोत्तरे इ 7 वी सामान्य विज्ञान 3. नैसर्गिक संसाधनाचे गुणधर्म

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नैसर्गिक संसाधनाचे गुणधर्म

(1) हवेची वाफ धरण्याची क्षमता हवेच्या आर्द्रतेवर अवलंबून असते.

(२) पाण्याला स्वतःचा आकार नसतो, पण त्याची निश्चित घनता आणि वस्तुमान असते.

(3) जसे पाणी गोठते, त्याचे प्रमाण वाढते

(4) उदास मातीचा पीएच 7 असतो.

(5) वातावरणाचा दाब सर्व दिशांना समान आहे

(6) हवेच्या दाबातील फरकामुळे वाहणारे वारे वाहतात.

प्रश्न पुढील विधान चुकीचे लिहा. चुकीची विधाने दुरुस्त करा आणि पुन्हा लिहा:

(1) वालुकामय जमिनीची पाणी धारण क्षमता कमी आहे.

ते बरोबर आहे

(२) समुद्री पाणी हे विद्युत वाहक आहे.

चूक – समुद्री पाण्यात चालकता असते.

(3) ज्या पदार्थात विद्राव्य विरघळते त्याला विलायक म्हणतात.

ते बरोबर आहे

(4) हवेमुळे पडणाऱ्या दाबाला वातावरणाचा दाब म्हणतात.

ते बरोबर आहे

(5) समुद्रसपाटीवरील वातावरणाचा दाब सुमारे 101400 न्यूटन प्रति चौरस मीटर आहे.

ते बरोबर आहे

जोड्या जुळवा

1] उत्तरे

(1) हवा – प्रकाशाचे विकिरण

(2) पाणी – उत्सर्जन क्रिया

(3) मातीचा आकार

2] उत्तरे

(1) अम्लीय माती – पीएच 6.5 पेक्षा कमी

(2) उदास माती – पीएच 6.5 ते 7.5

(3) अम्लीय माती- 7.5 पेक्षा जास्त पीएच

काय होईल ते सांगा

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प्रश्न -1] हवेतील हवेचे प्रमाण वाढले.

उत्तर: हवेतील बाष्पाचे प्रमाण जसजसे वाढेल तसतसे वातावरणातील आर्द्रता वाढेल. अशी हवा दमट वाटते.

(२) मातीमध्ये एकसंध एकच पीक.

उत्तर: मातीमध्ये सतत एकच पीक घेतले तर जमिनीतील पोषक घटकांचे प्रमाण कमी होईल. कापणी दरम्यान रासायनिक खतांचा जास्त वापर केल्यास जमिनीचा पोत बिघडेल. जमीन लागवडीयोग्य राहणार नाही. पीक नीट येणार नाही.

(3) रिकाम्या बाटलीला बूच न करता उलट्या केल्या आणि पाण्याच्या पसरलेल्या भांड्यात तिरपा केला.

उत्तर: बाटलीतून बाहेर पडलेली हवा बुडबुड्यांच्या स्वरूपात बाहेर येते.

(4) प्रकाश किरण हवेत लहान कणांवर पडतात.

उत्तर: हवेतील लहान कण प्रकाशाचे किरणोत्सर्ग करतात. त्यामुळे प्रकाश किरण सर्व दिशांना विखुरतात

(1) 1726 मध्ये डॅनियल बानोली यांनी मांडलेली महत्त्वाची तत्त्वे कोणती आहेत?

उत्तर: 1726 मध्ये डॅनियल बानोली यांनी मांडलेली महत्त्वाची तत्त्वे:

(1) हवेचा वेग वाढल्याने त्याचा दाब कमी होतो. (२) वाऱ्याचा वेग कमी झाला. त्यामुळे दबाव वाढतो. (३) जर एखादी वस्तू हवेतून फिरत असेल तर हवेचा दाब त्या वस्तूच्या गतीच्या लंब दिशेने कमी होतो. त्यामुळे वस्तूच्या सभोवतालची हवा उच्च दाबापासून कमी दाबाकडे वाहू लागते.

(२) हवा प्रकाशाचा प्रसार कसा करते?

उत्तर: (१) सर्व दिशांना प्रकाश किरणांचे विखुरणे म्हणजे प्रकाशाचे विकिरण. (२) हवेमध्ये काही वायूंचे मिश्रण तसेच धूळ, पूर आणि वाष्पांचे सूक्ष्म कण असतात. (3) जेव्हा सूर्याची किरणे हवेत या लहान कणांवर पडतात तेव्हा हा प्रकाश सर्व दिशांना विखुरलेला असतो. अशाप्रकारे प्रकाश पसरतो.

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(3) ध्वनी प्रसारणात हवेचे महत्त्व काय आहे?

उत्तर: (1) ध्वनी प्रसारित करण्यासाठी माध्यम म्हणून हवा आवश्यक आहे. (२) आपण ऐकत असलेले सर्व आवाज केवळ आपल्या सभोवतालच्या हवेमुळे ऐकू येतात. (3) ते हवेद्वारे आपल्यापर्यंत पोहोचतात. (4) जर हवेचे माध्यम नसेल तर तुम्ही ऐकू शकत नाही. तर ध्वनी प्रसारणासाठी हवा ही गुरुकिल्ली आहे.

(4) बर्फ पाण्यावर तरंगताना का दिसतो?

उत्तर त्यावेळी पाण्याचे प्रमाण वाढते आणि घनता कमी होते. जेव्हा ठोस बर्फ तयार होतो, तेव्हा मूळ ट्राउट पाण्यापेक्षा हलका असतो. बर्फ पाण्यापेक्षा हलका असल्याने म्हशीचे खडक पाण्यावर तरंगतात.

(5) पाण्याने भरलेली काचेची बाटली कधीही फ्रीजरमध्ये का ठेवू नये?

उत्तर: (१) जेव्हा बर्फ तयार होतो, तेव्हा तो पाण्यातील विसंगत वर्तनाप्रमाणे पसरतो. (2) तापमान 4 C च्या खाली जात असताना, पाण्याची घनता कमी होते आणि प्रमाण वाढते. (3) फ्रीजरमध्ये तापमान 4 C च्या खाली असल्याने पाणी पसरू शकते आणि बाटली फुटू शकते. (4) काचेची बाटली असल्याने तुटलेली काच इजा करेल. त्यामुळे फ्रीझरमध्ये कधीही पाण्याने भरलेली काचेची बाटली ठेवू नका.

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(6) पाण्याचे विविध गुणधर्म स्पष्ट करा.

उत्तर: पाण्यामध्ये खालील गुणधर्म आहेत

(1) प्रवाहीता: पाण्यात प्रवाहीता असल्याने ती जलवाहतुकीसाठी उपयुक्त आहे. उंचीवरून पडणाऱ्या पाण्याचा प्रवाह जनरेटरच्या मदतीने वीजनिर्मितीसाठी वापरला जातो.

(2) उत्कृष्ट शीतलक: गरम वाहनांच्या रेडिएटर्सचे तापमान नियंत्रित करण्यासाठी पाण्याचा वापर केला जातो.

(3) सार्वत्रिक विलायक: अनेक पदार्थ पाण्यात विरघळतात. म्हणूनच त्याला जागतिक विलायक म्हणतात. पाणी अनेक ठिकाणी विलायक म्हणून वापरले जाते. उदा., कारखाने, प्रयोगशाळा, अन्न शिजवणे.

(4) अनेक जैविक प्रक्रिया ज्या शरीरात घडतात. उदाहरणार्थ, पाचन, विसर्जन इत्यादी पाण्यामुळे शक्य झाले आहेत.

(5) साफसफाई: आपल्या जीवनातील दैनंदिन कामे पाण्याच्या मदतीने केली जातात. पाणी आंघोळ, कपडे धुणे, भांडी स्वच्छ करणे इत्यादीसाठी स्वच्छ करणारे म्हणून वापरले जाते.

(7) समुद्राच्या पाण्याची घनता पावसाच्या पाण्यापेक्षा जास्त का आहे?

उत्तर: समुद्राच्या पाण्यात भरपूर क्षार असतात. त्यामुळे त्या पाण्याची घनता जास्त असते.

(4) चांगल्या मातीच्या संरचनेचे महत्त्व काय आहे?

उत्तर: (१) मातीची सुपीकता जमिनीच्या रचनेवर अवलंबून असते. चांगल्या मातीच्या संरचनेमुळे मुळांना पुरेसा ऑक्सिजन पुरवठा होतो. (2) पाण्याचा चांगला निचरा

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